Chapter 1: Concentration (Samadhi Pada)
What is Yoga?
1 Now, after having done prior preparation through life and other practices, the
study and practice of Yoga begins.
(atha yoga anushasanam)
· atha = now, at this auspicious moment; implying the transition to this practice
and pursuit, after prior preparation; implying a blessing at this moment of
transition
· yoga = of yoga, union; literally, to yoke, from the root yuj, which means to
join or to integrate; same as the absorption in samadhi
· anu = within, or following tradition; implies being subsequent to something
else, in this case, the prior preparation
· shasanam = instruction, discipline, training, teaching, exposition, explanation;
Shas implies the imparting of teaching that happens along with discipline
2 Yoga is the control (nirodhah, regulation, channeling, mastery, integration,
coordination, stilling, quieting, setting aside) of the modifications (gross and subtle
thought patterns) of the mind field.
(yogash chitta vritti nirodhah)
· yoga = of yoga, union; literally, to yoke, from the root yuj, which means to
join; same as the absorption in samadhi
· chitta = of the consciousness of the mind-field
· vritti = operations, activities, fluctuations, modifications, changes, or various
forms of the mind-field
· nirodhah = control, regulation, channeling, mastery, integration, coordination,
understanding, stilling, quieting, setting aside of
3 Then the Seer abides in Itself, resting in its own True Nature, which is called Selfrealization.
(tada drashtuh svarupe avasthanam)
· tada = then, at that time; at the time of concentration and meditation
· drashtuh = the seer's, of the soul, witness, Atman, Self; from the root drsh,
which means to see (It is significant to note that Patanjali is not trying to
define who is the seer, or the nature of that seer. This is left to be answered or
resolved in direct experience.)
· svarupe = in its own nature, own form or essence; ( sva = own; rupa = form)
· avasthanam = stability, settling, remaining, being in a state, resting, standing,
lying, abiding; the root stha means to stand
4 At other times, when one is not in Self-realization, the Seer appears to take on the
form of the modifications of the mind field, taking on the identity of those thought
patterns.
(vritti sarupyam itaratra)
· vritti = of the operations, activities, fluctuations, modifications, changes, or
various forms (of the mind-field)
· sarupyam = similarity, assimilation, appearance of, identification of form or
nature, conformity with the shape of; the root sa means with, and rupa means
form
· itaratra = elsewhere, at other times, when not in that state of realization above
Un-coloring your thoughts
5 Those gross and subtle thought patterns (vrittis) fall into five varieties, of which
some are colored (klishta) and others are uncolored (aklishta).
(vrittayah pancatayah klishta aklishta)
· vrittayah = the vrittis are
· pancatayah = five fold (and of two kinds); panch means five
· klishta = colored, painful, afflicted, impure; the root klish means to cause
trouble; (klesha is the noun form of the adjective klishta)
· aklishta = uncolored, not painful, not afflicted, pure; not imbued with kleshas;
the root a- means without or in the absence of; hence, without the coloring
called klishta
6 The five varieties of thought patterns to witness are: 1) knowing correctly
(pramana), 2) incorrect knowing (viparyaya), 3) fantasy or imagination (vikalpa), 4)
the object of void-ness that is deep sleep (nidra), and 5) recollection or memory
(smriti).
(pramana viparyaya vikalpa nidra smritayah)
· pramana = real or valid cognition, right knowledge, valid proof, seeing clearly
· viparyayah = unreal cognition, indiscrimination, perverse cognition, wrong
knowledge, misconception, incorrect knowing, not seeing clearly
· vikalpah = imagination, verbal misconception or delusion, fantasy,
hallucination
· nidra = deep sleep
· smritayah = memory, remembering
7 Of these five, there are three ways of gaining correct knowledge (pramana): 1)
perception, 2) inference, and 3) testimony or verbal communication from others who
have knowledge.
(pratyaksha anumana agamah pramanani)
· pratyaksha = direct perception or cognition
· anumana = inference, reasoning, deduction
· agamah = authority, testimony, validation, competent evidence
· pramanani = valid means of knowing, proofs, sources of correct knowing
8 Incorrect knowledge or illusion (viparyaya) is false knowledge formed by
perceiving a thing as being other than what it really is.
(viparyayah mithya jnanam atad rupa pratistham)
· viparyayah = unreal cognition, indiscrimination, perverse cognition, wrong
knowledge, misconception, incorrect knowing, not seeing clearly
· mithya = of the unreal, of the false, erroneous, illusory
· jnanam = knowing, knowledge
· atad = not its own, not that
· rupa = form, nature, appearance
· pratistham = based on, possessing, established, occupying, steadfast, standing
9 Fantasy or imagination (vikalpa) is a thought pattern that has verbal expression
and knowledge, but for which there is no such object or reality in existence.
(shabda jnana anupati vastu shunyah vikalpah)
· shabda = word, sound, verbal expression
· jnana = by knowledge, knowing
· anupati = following, in sequence, depending upon
· vastu = a reality, real object, existent
· shunyah = devoid, without, empty
· vikalpah= imagination, verbal misconception or delusion, fantasy, hallucination
10 Dreamless sleep (nidra) is the subtle thought pattern which has as its object an
inertia, blankness, absence, or negation of the other though patterns (vrittis).
(abhava pratyaya alambana vritti nidra)
· abhava = absence, non-existence, non-occurrence, negation, voidness,
nothingness
· pratyaya = the cause, the feeling, causal or cognitive principle, notion, content
of mind, presented idea, cognition
· alambana = support, substratum, leaning on, dependent on, having as a base
or foundation
· vritti = operations, activities, fluctuations, modifications, changes, or various
forms of the mind-field
· nidra = deep sleep
11 Recollection or memory (smriti) is mental modification caused by the inner
reproducing of a previous impression of an object, but without adding any other
characteristics from other sources.
(anubhuta vishaya asampramoshah smritih)
· anubhuta = experienced
· vishaya = objects of experience, impressions
· asampramoshah = not being stolen, not being lost, not having addition
· smritih = memory, remembering
Practice and non-attachment
12 These thought patterns (vrittis) are mastered (nirodhah, regulated, coordinated,
controlled, stilled, quieted) through practice (abhyasa) and non-attachment
(vairagya).
(abhyasa vairagyabhyam tat nirodhah)
· abhyasa = by or with practice, repeated practice
· vairagyabhyam = non-attachment, by desirelessness or dispassion, neutrality
or absence of coloring, without attraction or aversion
· tat = of those, through that of
· nirodhah = control, regulation, channeling, mastery, integration, coordination,
understanding, stilling, quieting, setting aside of
13 Practice (abhyasa) means choosing, applying the effort, and doing those actions
that bring a stable and tranquil state (sthitau).
(tatra sthitau yatnah abhyasa)
· tatra = of these two (abhyasa and vairagya)
· sthitau = stability, steadiness, stable tranquility, undisturbed calmness
· yatnah = effort, persistent exertion, sustained struggle, endeavour
· abhyasa = by or with practice, repeated practice
14 When that practice is done for a long time, without a break, and with sincere
devotion, then the practice becomes a firmly rooted, stable and solid foundation.
(sah tu dirgha kala nairantaira satkara asevitah dridha bhumih)
· sah = that (practice)
· tu = and, but, however
· dirgha = long time (dirgha = long; kala = time)
· nairantaira = without interruption, continually,
· satkara = with devotion, sincerity, respect, reverence, positive attitude, right
action
· asevitah = pursued, practiced, cultivated, attended to, done with assiduous
attention
· dridha-bhumih = stable, solid foundation, firmly rooted, of firm ground (dridha
= firm; bhumih = ground)
15 When the mind loses desire even for objects seen or described in a tradition or in
scriptures, it acquires a state of utter (vashikara) desirelessness that is called nonattachment
(vairagya).
(drista anushravika vishaya vitrishnasya vashikara sanjna vairagyam)
· drista = seen, perceived
· anushravika = revealed, scriptural, heard in tradition
· vishaya = objects, subjects, matters of experience
· vitrishnasya = of one who is free from desire or craving
· vashikara = supreme, mastery, total control
· sanjna = awareness, consciousness, knowing
· vairagyam = non-attachment, desirelessness, dispassion, neutrality or absence
of coloring, without attraction or aversion
16 Indifference to the subtlest elements, constituent principles, or qualities
themselves (gunas), achieved through a knowledge of the nature of pure
consciousness (purusha), is called supreme non-attachment (paravairagya).
(tat param purusha khyateh guna vaitrshnyam)
· tat = that
· param = is higher, superior, supreme, transcendent
· purusha = pure consciousness, Self
· khyateh = through knowledge, vision, discernment
· guna = elements, prime qualities, constituents, attributes; (three gunas of
sattvas, rajas, tamas)
· vaitrshnyam = state of freedom from desire or craving (for the gunas)
Types of concentration
17 The deep absorption of attention on an object is of four kinds, 1) gross (vitarka),
2) subtle (vichara), 3) bliss accompanied (ananda), and 4) with I-ness (asmita), and
is called samprajnata samadhi.
(vitarka vichara ananda asmita rupa anugamat samprajnatah)
· vitarka = gross thought or reasoning
· vichara = subtle thought
· ananda = bliss, ecstasy
· asmita = I-ness, individuality
· rupa = appearances, nature, form
· anugamat = accompanied by, associated with
· samprajnatah = cognitive absorption, lower samadhi
18 The other kind of samadhi is asamprajnata samadhi, and has no object in which
attention is absorbed, wherein only latent impressions remain; attainment of this state
is preceded by the constant practice of allowing all of the gross and subtle fluctuations
of mind to recede back into the field from which they arose.
(virama pratyaya abhyasa purvah samskara shesha anyah)
· virama = cessation, stopping, receding
· pratyaya = cause, cognitive principle, content of mind, cognition
· abhyasa = practice
· purvah = preceding, coming before
· samskara = deep impressions, imprints in the unconscious, deepest habits,
subliminal activators, traces
· shesha = residual, subliminal
· anyah = the other (the other samadhi)
Efforts and commitment
19 Some who have attained higher levels (videhas) or know unmanifest nature
(prakritilayas), are drawn into birth in this world by their remaining latent impressions
of ignorance, and more naturally come to these states of samadhi.
(bhava pratyayah videha prakriti layanam)
· bhava = objective existence, becoming
· pratyayah = cause, cognitive principle, content of mind, cognition
· videha = bodiless, disembodied
· prakriti = creative cause, subtlest material cause, nature
· layanam = dissolved, merged into
20 Others follow a five-fold systematic path of 1) faithful certainty in the path, 2)
directing energy towards the practices, 3) repeated memory of the path and the
process of stilling the mind, 4) training in deep concentration, and 5) the pursuit of
real knowledge, by which the higher samadhi (asamprajnata samadhi) is attained.
(shraddha virya smriti samadhi prajna purvakah itaresham)
· shraddha = unconditional faith, trust, confidence, belief, certainty
· virya = energy, strength of will
· smriti = memory, intentful remembrance, mindfulness
· samadhi = deep absorption of meditation, entasy
· prajna = wisdom, discernment, super cognitive
· purvakah = preceding, coming before, prerequisite
· itaresham = of other people
21 Those who pursue their practices with intensity of feeling, vigor, and firm
conviction achieve concentration and the fruits thereof more quickly, compared to
those of medium or lesser intensity.
(tivra samvega asannah)
· tivra = rate is fast, speedy
· samvega = momentum, force, vigor, conviction, enthusiasm
· asannah = very close, near, speedy
22 For those with intense practices and intense conviction (1.21), there are three
more subdivisions of practice, those of mild intensity, medium intensity, and intense
intensity.
(mridu madhya adhimatra tatah api visheshah
· mridu = mild, slow
· madhya = medium, middling
· adhimatra = intense, strong
· tatah = from that
· api = also
· visheshah = differentiation, distinction
Contemplation on AUM or OM
23 From a special process of devotion and letting go into the creative source from
which we emerged (ishvara pranidhana), the coming of samadhi is imminent.
(ishvara pranidhana va)
· ishvara = creative source, pure consciousness, purusha, God, supreme Guru or
teacher
· pranidhana = practicing the presence, sincerity, dedication, devotion,
surrender of fruits of practice
· va = or
24 That creative source (ishvara) is a particular consciousness (purusha) that is
unaffected by colorings (kleshas), actions (karmas), or results of those actions that
happen when latent impressions stir and cause those actions.
(klesha karma vipaka ashayaih aparamristah purusha-vishesha ishvara
· klesha = colored, painful, afflicted, impure; the root klish means to cause
trouble
· karma = actions,
· vipaka = fruits of, maturing, ripening
· ashayaih = by the vehicles, resting place, storage of traces, propensities,
accumulations
· aparamristah = untouched, unsmeared
· purusha-vishesha = a consciousness, a special or distinct purusha (purusha =
a consciousness; vishesha = special, distinct)
· ishvara = creative source, God, supreme Guru or teacher
25 In that pure consciousness (ishvara) the seed of omniscience has reached its
highest development and cannot be exceeded.
(tatra niratishayam sarvajna bijam)
· tatra = there, in that (in that special purusha)
· niratishayam = unsurpassed, not exceeded by any others, limitless
· sarvajna = all knowing (sarva = all; jna = knowing)
· bijam = seed
26 From that consciousness (ishvara) the ancient-most teachers were taught, since
it is not limited by the constraint of time.
(purvesham api guruh kalena anavachchhedat)
· purvesham = of the first, former, earlier, ancient
· api = too, also
· kalena = by time
· anavachchhedat = not limited by (time), no break or division, continuous
27 The sacred word designating this creative source is the sound OM, called
pranava.
(tasya vachakah pranavah)
· tasya = of that
· vachakah = designator, signifier, indicator, term
· pranavah = the mantra AUM or OM
28 This sound is remembered with deep feeling for the meaning of what it
represents.
(tat japah tat artha bhavanam)
· tat = its
· japah = repeated remembrance
· tat = its
· artha = meaning
· bhavanam = understanding with feeling, absorbing, dwelling upon
29 From that remembering comes the realization of the individual Self and the
removal of obstacles.
(tatah pratyak chetana adhigamah api antaraya abhavash cha)
· tatah = thence
· pratyak = individual
· chetana = consciousness
· adhigamah = understanding, realization, attainment
· api = also
· antaraya = of obstacles or impediments
· abhavash = absence, disappearance, removal
· cha = and, also
Obstacles and solutions
30 Nine kinds of distractions come that are obstacles naturally encountered on the
path, and are physical illness, tendency of the mind to not work efficiently, doubt or
indecision, lack of attention to pursuing the means of samadhi, laziness in mind and
body, failure to regulate the desire for worldly objects, incorrect assumptions or
thinking, failing to attain stages of the practice, and instability in maintaining a level of
practice once attained.
(vyadhi styana samshaya pramada alasya avirati bhranti-darshana alabdhabhumikatva
anavasthitatva chitta vikshepa te antarayah)
· vyadhi = disease, illness, sickness
· styana = mental laziness, inefficiency, idleness, procrastination, dullness
· samshaya = indecision, doubt
· pramada = carelessness, negligence
· alasya = sloth, langour, laziness
· avirati = sensuality, want of non-attachment, non-abstention, craving
· bhranti-darshana = false views or perception, confusion of philosophies
(bhranti = false; darshana = views, perception)
· alabdha-bhumikatva = failing to attain stages of practice (alabdha = not
obtaining; bhumikatva = stage, state, firm ground)
· anavasthitatva = instability, slipping down, inability to maintain
· chitta-vikshepa = distractions of the mind (chitta = mind field; vikshepa =
distractions, diversions)
· te = they are, these are
· antarayah = obstacles, impediments
31 From these obstacles, there are four other consequences that also arise, and
these are: 1) mental or physical pain, 2) sadness or dejection, 3) restlessness,
shakiness, or anxiety, and 4) irregularities in the exhalation and inhalation of breath.
(duhkha daurmanasya angam-ejayatva shvasa prashvasah vikshepa sahabhuva)
· duhkha = pain (mental or physical)
· daurmanasya = sadness, despair, dejection, frustration, depression, anguish
· angam-ejayatva = shakiness, unsteadiness, movement, tremor of the limbs or
body (anga = limbs or body)
· shvasa = inhalation, inspiration (implying irregular inhalation)
· prashvasah = exhalation, expiration (implying irregular exhalation)
· vikshepa = distractions
· sahabhuva = companions, accompaniments, correlates
32 To prevent or deal with these nine obstacles and their four consequences, the
recommendation is to make the mind one-pointed, training it how to focus on a single
principle or object.
(tat pratisedha artham eka tattva abhyasah)
· tat = those, their
· pratisedha = prevention, negation, neutralizing, prohibition, opposing, voiding,
removal
· artham = for, for the purpose of, in order to
· eka = single,
· tattva = truth, principle, subject, reality
· abhyasah = practice, cultivating that habit
Stabilizing and clearing the mind
33 In relationships, the mind becomes purified by cultivating feelings of friendliness
towards those who are happy, compassion for those who are suffering, goodwill
towards those who are virtuous, and indifference or neutrality towards those we
perceive as wicked or evil.
(maitri karuna mudita upekshanam sukha duhka punya apunya vishayanam
bhavanatah chitta prasadanam)
· maitri = friendliness, pleasantness, lovingness
· karuna = compassion, mercy
· mudita = gladness, goodwill
· upekshanam = acceptance, equanimity, indifference, disregard, neutrality
· sukha = happy, comfortable, joyous
· duhka = pain, misery, suffering, sorrow
· punya = virtuous, meritorious, benevolent
· apunya = non-virtuous, vice, bad, wicked, evil, bad, demerit, non-meritorious,
· vishayanam = regarding those subjects, in relation to those objects
· bhavanatah = by cultivating habits, by constant reflection, developing attitude,
cultivating, impressing on oneself
· chitta = mind field, consciousness
· prasadanam = purified, clear, serene, pleasant, pacified, undisturbed, peaceful,
calm
34 The mind is also calmed by regulating the breath, particularly attending to
exhalation and the natural stilling of breath that comes from such practice.
(prachchhardana vidharanabhyam va pranayama)
· prachchhardana = gentle exhalation through the nostrils
· vidharanabhyam = expansion or regulation, control
· va = or (or other practices in 1.34-1.39)
· pranasya = of prana
35 The inner concentration on the process of sensory experiencing, done in a way
that leads towards higher, subtle sense perception; this also leads to stability and
tranquility of the mind.
(vishayavati va pravritti utpanna manasah sthiti nibandhani)
· vishayavati = of the sensing experience
· va = or (or other practices in 1.34-1.39)
· pravritti = higher perception, activity, inclinations
· utpanna = arising, appearing, manifesting
· manasah = mind, mental, manas
· sthiti = stability, steadiness, stable tranquility, undisturbed calmness
· nibandhani = firmly establishes, causes, seals, holds
36 Or concentration on a painless inner state of lucidness and luminosity also brings
stability and tranquility.
(vishoka va jyotishmati)
· vishoka = state free from pain, grief, sorrow, or suffering
· va = or (or other practices in 1.34-1.39)
· jyotishmati = the bright effulgence, lucidity, luminosity, inner light, supreme or
divine light
37 Or contemplating on having a mind that is free from desires, the mind gets
stabilized and tranquil.
(vita raga vishayam va chittam)
· vita = without, devoid of
· raga = attachment, desires, attraction
· vishayam = objects of the senses
· va = or (or other practices in 1.34-1.39)
· chittam = of the consciousness of the mind-field
38 Or by focusing on the nature of the stream in the dream state or the nature of
the state of dreamless sleep, the mind becomes stabilized and tranquil.
(svapna nidra jnana alambanam va)
· svapna = dream (focusing on the nature of the state of dreaming itself, not the
content of dreams)
· nidra = sleep (focusing on the state itself, as an object)
· jnana = knowledge, study, investigation, awareness, observation
· alambanam = having as support for attention, object of concentration
· va = or (or other practices in 1.34-1.39)
39 Or by contemplating or concentrating on whatever object or principle one may
like, or towards which one has a predisposition, the mind becomes stable and tranquil.
(yatha abhimata dhyanat va)
· yatha = as, according to
· abhimata = one's own predisposition, choice, desire, want, like, familiarity,
agreeableness
· dhyanat = meditate on
· va = or (or other practices above in sutras 1.34-1.39)
After stabilizing the mind
40 When, through such practices (as previously described in 1.33-1.39), the mind
develops the power of becoming stable on the smallest size object as well as on the
largest, then the mind truly comes under control.
(parma-anu parama-mahattva antah asya vashikarah)
· parma-anu= from the minutest (parma = most; anu = minutest, smallest)
· parama-mahattva = ultimate magnitude (parama = ultimate, maximum;
mahattva = infinity, largeness magnitude)
· antah = end, extending to
· asya = of this, of his or hers (who has
· vashikarah = mastery, power
41 When the modifications of mind have become weakened, the mind becomes like
a transparent crystal, and thus can easily take on the qualities of whatever object
observed, whether that object be the observer, the means of observing, or an object
observed, in a process of engrossment called samapattih.
(kshinna-vritti abhijatasya iva maneh grahitri grahana grahyeshu tat-stha tat-anjanata
samapattih)
· kshinna-vritti = with modifications of mind weakened (kshinna = weakened;
vritti = modifications of mind)
· abhijatasya = transparent, purified
· iva = like
· maneh = of a crystal
· grahitri = the knower, apprehender, observer
· grahana = process of knowing or apprehending, instrument of knowing
· grahyeshu = the knowable, knowledge, apprehended objects
· tat-stha = remaining in it, being stable on them, on which it stays or rests
· tat-anjanata = taking on the coloring of that, coalescing with, appearing to
take the shape of the object
· samapattih = engrossment, coincidence, complete absorption, transmute into
likeness, total balance
42 One type of such an engrossment (samapattih) is one in which there is a mixture
of three things, a word or name going with the object, the meaning or identity of that
object, and the knowledge associated with that object; this engrossment is known as
savitarka samapattih (associated with gross objects).
(tatra shabda artha jnana vikalpah sankirna savitarka samapattih)
· tatra = there, among these, in that
· shabda = sound, word
· artha = meaning
· jnana = knowledge, idea
· vikalpah = with options
· sankirna = mixed with, commingled, interspersed
· savitarka = accompanied with gross thoughts (sa = with; vitarka = gross
thoughts)
· samapattih = engrossment, coincidence, complete absorption, transmute into
likeness
43 When the memory or storehouse of modifications of mind is purified, then the
mind appears to be devoid of its own nature and only the object on which it is
contemplating appears to shine forward; this type of engrossment is known as
nirvitarka samapattih.
(smriti pari-shuddhau svarupa-shunya iva artha-matra nirbhasa nirvitarka)
· smriti = of memory
· pari-shuddhau = upon purification (pari = upon; shuddhau = purification)
· svarupa-shunya = devoid of its own nature (shunya = devoid; svarupa = its
own nature)
· iva = as it were
· artha-matra = only the object (artha = object; matra = only)
· nirbhasa = illuminative, shining brightly
· nirvitarka = without a gross thought (nir = without; vitarka = gross thought)
44 In the same way that these engrossments operate with gross objects in savitarka
samapattih, the engrossment with subtle objects also operates, and is known as
savichara and nirvichara samapattih.
(etaya eva savichara nirvichara cha sukshma-vishaya vyakhyata)
· etaya = by this
· eva = also
· savichara = accompanied by subtle thoughts (sa = with; vichara = subtle
thoughts)
· nirvichara = devoid of subtle thoughts (nir = without; vichara = subtle
thoughts)
· cha = and
· sukshma-vishaya = having subtle for their objects (sukshma = subtle; vishaya
= objects)
· vyakhyata = are explained, described, defined
45 Having such subtle objects extends all the way up to unmanifest prakriti.
(sukshma vishayatvam cha alinga paryavasanam)
· sukshma = subtle
· vishayatvam = of having as objects
· cha = and
· alinga = without a mark or trace, unmanifest prakriti (subtlest matter)
· paryavasanam = extending up to, ending at
46 These four varieties of engrossment are the only kinds of concentrations
(samadhi) which are objective, and have a seed of an object.
(tah eva sabijah samadhih)
· tah = these, those, they
· eva = only
· sabijah = with seed, seeded
· samadhih = deep absorption of meditation, entasy
47 As one gains proficiency in the undisturbed flow in nirvichara, a purity and
luminosity of the inner instrument of mind is developed.
(nirvichara vaisharadye adhyatma prasadah)
· nirvichara = devoid of subtle thoughts (nir = without; vichara = subtle
thoughts)
· vaisharadye = with undisturbed flow,
· adhyatma = spiritual, regarding the atman or true Self
· prasadah = purity, luminosity, illumination, clearness
48 The experiential knowledge that is gained in that state is one of essential wisdom
and is filled with truth.
(ritambhara tatra prajna)
· ritambhara = filled with higher truth, essence, supreme cognition
· tatra = there
· prajna = knowledge, wisdom, insight
49 That knowledge is different from the knowledge that is commingled with
testimony or through inference, because it relates directly to the specifics of the
object, rather than to those words or other concepts.
(shruta anumana prajnabhyam anya-vishaya vishesha-arthatvat)
· shruta = testimony, heard, learned, from tradition
· anumana = inference, reasoning, deduction
· prajnabhyam = from those kinds of knowledge
· anya-vishaya = having different objects (anya = different; vishaya = objects,
fields, realms, domains)
· vishesha-arthatvat = relating to particular objects, purpose, or significance
50 This type of knowledge that is filled with truth creates latent impressions in the
mind-field, and those new impressions tend to reduce the formation of other less
useful forms of habitual latent impressions.
(tajjah samskarah anya samskara paribandhi)
· tajjah = arising or producing from that
· samskarah = deep impressions, residual imprints, activating imprints
· anya = of other
· samskara = deep impressions, residual imprints, activating imprints
· paribandhi = impeding, obstructing, reducing, opposing, inhibiting
51 When even these latent impressions from truth filled knowledge recede along
with the other impressions, then there is objectless concentration.
(tasya api nirodhe sarva nirodhat nirbijah samadhih)
· tasya = of that
· api = too
· nirodhe = receding, mastery, coordination, control, regulation, setting aside of
· sarva = of all
· nirodhat = through nirodhah (nirodhah = control, regulation, channeling,
mastery, integration, coordination, understanding, stilling, quieting, setting
aside of)
· nirbijah = without a seed, seedless (nir = without; bijah = seed)
· samadhih = deep absorption of meditation, entasy
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